Pregnancy induces considerable physiological changes, some of which can influence liver function. Although most women experience a healthy pregnancy, a subset may encounter liver-related complications that necessitate vigilant monitoring and management. Given the liver’s vital role in detoxification, digestion, and hormone regulation, maintaining its health is crucial for both the mother and the developing baby. Being aware of potential liver issues during pregnancy, identifying symptoms promptly, and implementing preventive strategies can contribute to a safer pregnancy experience.
How pregnancy impacts liver function
Pregnancy brings about hormonal changes, increased blood volume, and metabolic adjustments that can affect liver function. While minor variations are typically expected, significant disturbances may result in complications. The liver is required to work more intensively to process hormones associated with pregnancy, eliminate toxins, and manage bile production. Any impairment in liver function can lead to disorders that may jeopardize the health of both the mother and the foetus.
Common liver conditions during pregnancy
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP)
ICP is a liver condition that arises from disrupted bile flow, resulting in an accumulation of bile acids in the bloodstream. This disorder generally manifests in the third trimester and typically resolves following childbirth.
Symptoms:
- Severe itching, particularly on the hands and feet
- Dark-coloured urine and light-coloured stools
- Jaundice, indicated by yellowing of the skin and eyes
- Fatigue and feelings of nausea
Risks: If not adequately managed, ICP may elevate the chances of preterm labour, foetal distress, and stillbirth.
Preeclampsia and HELLP Syndrome
Preeclampsia is a condition associated with pregnancy that is marked by elevated blood pressure and potential damage to organs, including the liver. In its more severe form, it can progress to HELLP syndrome, which stands for Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, and Low Platelets.
Symptoms:
- Intense pain in the upper right abdomen
- Nausea and vomiting
- Elevated blood pressure
- Swelling in the extremities
- Changes in vision and headaches
Risks: Without prompt treatment, HELLP syndrome can lead to liver rupture, stroke, and serious complications for both the mother and the infant. Immediate medical intervention is essential.
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
AFLP is an uncommon yet serious liver condition that manifests during the third trimester of pregnancy. It results from a metabolic disorder that leads to an abnormal accumulation of fat in the liver.
Symptoms:
- Severe nausea and vomiting
- Jaundice
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- Abdominal pain
- Confusion or altered mental status
Risks: If not identified and treated swiftly, AFLP can lead to liver failure, kidney damage, and even maternal death. In many cases, an emergency delivery is necessary.
Symptoms of liver dysfunction during pregnancy
Given that liver issues can mimic typical pregnancy symptoms, it is crucial to identify signs that warrant medical intervention:
- Persistent nausea and vomiting extending beyond the first trimester
- Severe itching, especially at night
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Pain in the upper right abdomen
- Dark urine or light-coloured stools
- Unexplained fatigue and weakness
Should any of these symptoms occur, it is essential to seek advice from a healthcare professional for further assessment.
Precautions for preserving liver health during pregnancy
- Ensure adequate hydration – Consuming sufficient water aids in detoxification and supports bile production, which is crucial for digestion.
- Adhere to a nutrient-dense diet – Choose a diet rich in essential nutrients, including lean proteins, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, to promote optimal liver function. Steer clear of processed foods and limit sugar consumption.
- Restrict intake of fatty and fried foods – High fat consumption can burden the liver, potentially leading to complications.
- Be cautious with medications – Certain medications may impact liver health. Always consult your healthcare provider before taking any supplements or over-the-counter medications.
- Refrain from alcohol – Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause liver damage and serious foetal issues, including Foetal Alcohol Syndrome.
- Control weight gain – Excessive weight gain during pregnancy can elevate the risk of fatty liver disease and other metabolic conditions. Aim to maintain a healthy weight as advised by your physician.
- Schedule regular prenatal appointments – Routine blood tests, including liver function tests, can help identify early signs of liver issues and facilitate prompt medical action.
When to consult a healthcare professional
Seek prompt medical assistance if you experience:
- Persistent itching, jaundice, or extreme fatigue
- Elevated blood pressure accompanied by vision changes or headaches
- Severe abdominal pain or nausea that intensifies over time
- Sudden swelling in the hands or face
Timely diagnosis and prompt medical intervention can avert serious complications, ensuring a safe pregnancy for both the mother and the child. For those in Ahmedabad seeking expert liver care during pregnancy, Mission Gastro Hospital is a reputed liver hospital in Ahmedabad, offering specialized treatment for liver conditions associated with pregnancy. Consult their knowledgeable team for optimal liver care and support.
